Carbureter



.H. CSANYI.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILE D JUNE 27,19l8.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY CSANYI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARBURETER.

Application filed June 27,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, I'IIZNRY CSANYI, acitizen of the l nited States, residing at New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for internalcombustion motors, pertaining more particularly to carbureting devicesof the surface contact type.

While attempts have heretofore been made to provide carburetingstructures for this purpose operating under surface contact principles,certain difiiculties were present which rendered the structures unsatisfactory, so that the development of the carbureter for thecommercial field has been along different lines, viz: the float-controlspray-delivery type, this being the type now generally employed forcommercial use. Carbureters of the latter type not only have certaininherent disadvantages, but necessarily are of such construction as toinvolve a comparatively high cost of manufacture. One of thesedisadvantages is the presence of flooding conditions whenever the motorvehicle is traveling on an tip-grade, the amount of hydrocarbondischarged being in excess of that required to meet the increased powernecessary-- increased size of motor proportionately increasing thisamount of excess-so that there is present an inherent loss ofhydrocarbon under these conditions. Another disadvantage arises when theconditions are reversed and the level of the hydrocarbon is shifted awayfrom the discharge outlet, producing a paucity in hydrocarbon supply.Some of these inherent conditions have been overcome, but only by theuse of complicated structures which largely increase the cost ofmanufacture of the carbureter.

The present invention is, therefore, designed to not only provideimprovements in the surface contact type of carbureting devices, butalso provides a construction far simpler and less costly in manufacturethan the float type, and at the same time overcome the inherentditliculties present in the float type and which are above referred to.

Further objects are to provide a device which is simple and etticient inoperation, durable in construction, and which can be manufactured at arelatively low cost.

To these and other ends, the nature of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

1918. Serial No. 242,238.

which will be readily understood as the invention is hereinafterdisclosed, said invention consists in the improved construction andcombination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in theacconipanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference charactersindicate similar parts in each of the views:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through a carbureting deviceconstructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 22 of Fig.1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view, with parts broken away, taken online 3-3 of Fig. 1.

The invention may be embodied in various forms, that shown in thedrawings being a simple embodiment, the device being shown as secured tothe suction line leading to a motor, this line being indicated by thefitting 10 to which the cylindrical casing 11 of the carbureter issecured, the casing being shown as provided with an air inlet 12 andwith a controlling valve 13 shown as of the butterfly type. The inlet isshown as leading into the side of the casing, but it is obvious that itmay be located at other points. depending upon the particular type ofcarbureter desired.

In the embodiment shown, the opposite end of casing 11 is closed byahead 14 carrying the hydrocarbon conduit'in the form of a member 15shown as threaded to head 14 with a portion projecting beyond the headand to which a nipple 16 is. secured, the latter being connected to theline leading from the source of hydrocarbon su )ply, not shown, nipple16 carrying a suita le valve 16 by means of which the passage ofhydrocarbon into the passageway 15 of member 15 can be controlled.

The upper or inner end of member 15 is shown as of reduced diameter andprovided with a plurality of radial openings 15 adjacent the end of saidreduced portion, the bore or passageway 15" of the member having itsupper or inner end closed by a threaded stud 17, thus limiting theoutlet from passageway 15 to the openings 15.

18 designates a tubular member or mantle surrounding the reduced portionof member 15, the mantle being clamped in position between a shoulder onmember anda cap' 19 held in position by a nut 17 mounted on stud 17,suitable gaskets or washers being located at the opposite ends of mantle18.-

- of member 15 andinto which the hydrocarhon is discharged throughopenings 15*, said space providing a hydrocarbon reservoir.

Mantle 18 is porous, being formed of suitable material having thischaracteristic; the material may be of various kinds, but it IS.

preferred that it be of a character such as will provide for substantialrlgidity, as for instance would be provided by the use of a porous solidmaterial, either natural or artificial in formation. A preferredmaterial is porcelain prepared in such form as to provide this porouscharacteristic. I prefer to employ this latter material for the reasonthat it is possible to control the porosity of the material mluring'manufacture of the mantle, so that the requirements of supply capacityof the hydrocarbon during operation-which differ in connection withdifferent types and sizes of vmotorscan be met to a greater or lessextent 1n the manufacture of the mantle.

Cap 19 is shown as carrying an outwardly extending flange 20, the flangebeing formed integral with or secured to the cap in any desired manner,this flange forming one of the members of a valve, the opposite memherbeing indicated as a diaphragm 21, carried at the upper end of a tubularmember or hood 22 which surrounds the porous mantle 18. Hood 22 is shownas, extending within a tube 23 secured to head 14. tube 23 being of asuflicient size to provide an annular space surrounding the body portionof member 15, this space being adapted to receive a spring 24 whichtends to retain hood 22 in its upper position in which the diaphragm 21is in contact with flanged portion 20, the spring bearing against thelower end of hood Hood 22 is adapted to be moved downwardly against thetension of spring 24: through the operation of a cam 25, or otheroperating device, said cam cooperating with a U-shaped strap 26 which issecured to projections formed at the upper end of hood 22,

this trap being located in the path of movement of cam 25 when thelatter is operated with its shaft 25. Shaft 25 is oscillated by theaction of a suitable control mechanism illustrated by an arm 26 carriedby shaft 25 and a connection 27 carried by the free end of the arm, saidconnection leading to the control device as usual.

As shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and 3, diaphiagm 21 is perforatedor provided with openings 21 these openings being arranged in anydesired manner, being posi- 'tioned-to underlie flanges20 when the carbureteris inactive, saida-flanges'thus closing communication throughdiaphragm 21 a; this time, as shown in Fig. 2, the latter figureindicating the parts in the inactive position of the carbureten,

As will be readily understood from Fig. 2, casing 11 is practicallydivided into, two parts by diaphragm 21, the lower part of the casingbeing in open communication with the air supply, while the upper part isin open communication with the suction line. Communication betweenthese-1pmtions of the casing is possible only through openings 21* ofthe diaphragm, and these openings are normally closed by reason of thecontact of disk or diaphragm 21 with flanges 20. And since disk 21cannot be operated through suction actionmovement of the latter undersuch action being prevented by flange 20-the passage of air into thesuction line is entirely dependent upon manipulation of'the controllingmechanism represented by cam 25. The inoperative position of cam 25 isindicated indotted lines in Fig. 1. this position corresponding to theposition shown in Fig. 2.

When, however, the controlling mechanism is operated to move cam 25 .soas to depress strap 26, diaphragm 21 will also be depressed, causing'itto move away'from the flange 20 and uncovering openings 21 the resultbeing that air entering into the lower portion of the casing will bepermitted to pass to the upper portion of the casing through theseopenings 21.

As will be seen from Fig. 1, not only does this uncovering action ofopenings 26 take place, but this movement of the strap also moves hood22 downwardly away from its normal position of contactnvith cap 19, theresult being that the external face. of porous mantle 18 will be exposedfor a distance equal to the distance between flanges 20 and disk 21. Asopenings 2 are located in close proximity to the inner portion of thedisk, it will be readily understood that the air passing through theopenings will be brought into contact with the exterior of that portionof mantle 18 which has been exposed by the movement of hood 22 away fromcap 19, this flowing air taking up such hydrocarbon as may be present onthe exterior of the exposed portion of mantle 18. Obviously, the amountof hydrocarbon taken up will depend upon this particular distance, thecontrolling member always being below the point of exposure of mantle 18by reason of the. shifting in position of diaphragm 21, so that thepassing air is practically compelled to traverse the exposed surface ofmantle 18. This action is practically insured by reason of the fact thatthe air is compelled to travel in a somewhat tortuous path in passingthrough openings21 and beyond flanged portion 20.

As heretofore pointed out, mantle 18 is porous in character, and has theadditional characteristic of being formed of material which will producea rigid structure. This latter is of advantage not only byreason of thefact that it is possible to clamp the mantle in position in such way asto prevent pas sage of hydrocarbon from the reservoir wit-hin mantle 18excepting through the pores of the mantle, but in addition, the rigidityprevents any collapse of the mantle under the suction aotion providedduring the suction stroke of the motor. Consequently mantle 18 may besubjected to the entire suction pressure without liability of affectingits shape or the arrangement of its interior, so that assurance will behad that the mantle will be unaffected by operating conditions andpractically insuring uniformity in operation by reason of the stabilityof the porous structure under Such operating conditions.

Owing to the fact that it is possible to practically control theporosity of mantle 18, the seepage or movement of hydrocarbontherethrough under the pressure of the entering hydrocarbon can bepractically controlled, especially since it is possible to govern thepressure of the hydrocarbon through valve 16. Hence, there will be noexcess quantity of hydrocarbon delivered to the exterior of mantle 18,but such exterior face will generally be in a. wetted condition, so thatno material delay will be had at the start of operations. lVhen thesuction action ishad, the feed of hydrocarbon through the mantle will bewith sufficient rapidity, since a porous member of this type. in thepresence of suction .conditions, will provide rapid transference of thecontents from the interior to the exterior face at those portions of themember which are directly exposed to the suction action.

In connection with this latter feature, it may be noted that the spacingbetween mantle l8 and hood 22 shown in the drawings is more or lessexaggerated, this spacing in actual practice being" such as to providefor free movements of member 22, the inner face of the hood, however,being in close proximity to the exterior face of mantle 18.

As will be readily understood, the control provided by cam 25 not onlycontrols the passage of the air from one portion to the other of thecasing, but also controls the amount of surface exposure of mantle 18,so that the single control thus provided is effective both with respectto the air and to the" hydrocarbon, enabling proper proportioning of thetwo in the formation of the charge.

It will be understood, of course, that the inflowing hydrocarbon willpractically retain the annular chamber substantially filled, theresistance provided by the porous condition of mantle 18 being such asto prevent rapid movement of the hydrocarbon from said chamber under theaction of the hydrocarbon pressure alone. As the hydrocarbon containedin this annular chamber or reservoir is withdrawn under the suctionaction, however. the chamber will be maintained filled from the supplyand thus present the immediate Supply for passage through the pores ofmember 18.

Obviously, the extended peripheral area of mantle l8 and the porosity ofthis member provides for delivery 'of hydrocarbon over an extendedsurface instead of the single point of discharge usual in carbureters ofthe float type, and since this area increases with the amount ofmovement of disk 21, it will be readily understood that the delivery ofthe hydrocarbon will be in such form as to greatly increase theefliciency of the charge.

As will be understood, the porosity of mantle 18 will be governed moreor less by the particular use to which it is put, it being readilyunderstood that the percentage of porosity will be determined more orless by the amount of hydrocarbon which is required to meet the needs ofthe individual type of motor, heavy motors of large size requiringgreater amounts of hydrocarbon and hence employing a mantle 18 of higherpercentage of porosity.

It is to be understood. of course, that it is preferred to employfiltered or otherwise cleaned hydrocarbons to prevent, as far aspossible, the collection of impurities on the inner face of mantle 18.However, the structural arrangement is such as will permit the mantle tobe readily removed for the purpose of cleaning its interior should thisbe found necessary. Obviously, this ability to remove the mantle forcleaning purposes permits ready substitution of one mantle for anotherin case of damage or if it be desired to substitute a mantle of higheror lower percentage of porosity, the ability to provide this latterenabling a single carbureter structure to be used in connection withdifferent types and sizes of motors.

lVhile I have herein shown and described one way in which the inventionmay be car- 'ried out, it will be readily understood that changes andmodifications therein may be required or desired to meet the exigenciesof use, and Ildesire to be understood as reserving the right to make anyand all such changes or modifications as may be found necessary oressential, in so far as the same may fall within the spirit and scope ofthe invention as expressed in the accompanying claims when broadlyconstrued.

What I claim is 1. In a carbureter, a casing having an air inlet and acharge outlet, at, shittable diationed so that the exposure ofthe sleeveva-' ries in accordance with movement of the diaphragm.

2. In a carburetor, a casing having an air inlet and a, charge outlet, ashiftable diaphragm adapted'to separate the inlet and outlet, saiddiaphragm being perforated to permit communication between theinlet andoutlet, a stationary element cooperating with the diaphragm to form avalve device con-- trolling such communication, and means for exposing ahydrocarbon supply to the air passing through said diaphragm when thelatter-is shifted, said means including .a hood adapted to isolate thesupply when the valve device is closed. 7

3. In a carbureter, a casing having an air inlet and a charge outlet, ashiftable diaphragm adapted to separate the inlet and outlet, saiddiaphragm being perforated to permit communication between the inlet andoutlet, a stationary element cooperating with the diaphragm to form avalve device controlling such communication, and means for exposing ahydrocarbon supply to the air passing through said diaphragm when thelatter is shifted, said means including a hood adapted to isolate thesupply when the valve device is closed, said hood being movable insynchronism with the diaphragm to control the time of exposure of thesupply and the extent of supply area exposed to the passlng air.

'4. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, a casing, a memberextending therein and having a passageway for hydrocarbon, a porousmantle supported by said member and provided with a central recessconnected to said passageway and forming therewith an annular reservoirfor hydrocarbon, and a 'shiftable hood surrounding said mantle andadapted to shield the latter when the carbureter is inactive.

5. In a carbureter, a casing, a member extending therein and having apassageway for hydrocarbon, a porous mantle supported by said, memberand forming therewith an annular reservoir for hydrocarbon, and ashiftable hood surrounding said mantle and adapted to inclose the latterwhen the carbureter is inactive, said hood being shiftable to exposepredetermined portions of the mantle during carbureting activity.

6. In a carbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having apassageway adapted to communicate with a source of hydro carbon supply,a cap carriedthereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap andmember, a hood surrounding said mantle and cooperating with the cap toinclose the mantle and movable relative to said mem ber and mantle toexpose mantle portions, a resilient support for the hood, and means forshifting the hoodin opposition to said support.

7. In a c'arbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having apassageway adapted to communicate with a source of-hydrocarbon supply,,acap carried thereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap andmember, a hood surrounding said mantle and cooperating with the cap toinclose the mantle and movable relative to said member and mantle toexpose mantle portions, a resilient support for the hood, a perforateddiaphragm movable with said hood, and means for shifting said hood anddiaphragm in opposition to said support. v

8. In a carbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having apassageway to communicate with a source of hydrocarbon supply, a capcarried thereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap and member, ahood overlying said mantle and cooperating with the cap to inclose themantle and movable to expose mantle portions, a resilient support forthe hood, a perforated diaphragm movable with said hood, and means forshifting said hood and diaphragm in opposition to said support, saidmeans including a member connected to said hood and diaphragm, and apivoted cam adapted to cooperate with said latter member.

9. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination ofa'body providing an air passage, a member located in the passage andprovided with a fuel passage and a fuel discharge opening locatedbetween the ends of the air passage, a porous tube surrounding a part ofsaid member and the fuel discharge opening, a cap connected to the endof said member and closing the upper end of the porous tube and holdingthe tube in position, a sleeve slidably mounted in relation to the tubefor exposing variable areas of the tube to air passing, an apertureddiaphragm carried by the sleeve and transversely dividing the airpassage at a point between its ends, members carried by said cap-tocooperate with the apertured diaphragm, and means for moving said sleeveand diaphragm.

10. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination ofa body providing an air passage, a member located in the passage andprovided with a fuel passage and a fuel discharge opening locatedbetween the ends of the air passage, a porous tube surrounding a part ofsaid memher and the fuel discharge opening, a cap connected to the endof said member and closing the upper end of the porous tube and holdingthe tube in position, a sleeve slidably mounted in relation to the, tubefor exposing variable areas of the tube to air passing, an apertureddiaphragm carried by the sleeve and transversely dividing the air as- 10sage at a point between its ends, mem ers carried by said cap tocooperate with the apertured diaphragm, a spring arranged about saidfirst mentioned member to move the sleeve and diaphragm in onedirection,

and manually operated means for moving 15 the sleeve and diaphragm inthe opposite direction against the spring.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

HENRY CSANYI.

